Sodium Alginate CAS NO.: 9005-38-3

Sodium Alginate (NaC6H7O6) is a linear polysaccharide derivative of Alginic Acid comprised of 1,4-β-d-mannuronic (M) and α-l-guluronic (G) acids. Sodium alginate is a cell wall component of marine brown algae, and contains approximately 30 to 60% alginic acid.

Sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide with a linear structure, is biodegradable, biocompatible and safe for the body, provides strength and flexibility to the tissue, and can be used industrially because it has gelling, viscous and stabilizing properties and the ability to retain water. Alginate can be synthesized from the cell wall of various species of brown algae: Laminaria hyperborea, Ecklonia maxima, Ascophyllum nodosum, Eisenia bicyclis and Macrocystis pyrifera ecc., and from various species of bacteria: Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. From these sources, alginate extracted from brown algae has commercial importance for the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries, etc.

Nowadays, the development of microencapsulated pharmaceutical forms has become an attractive and widely used field in pharmaceutical technology because over time, they have proven to be safe and effective drug release systems. The emergence of new processible, biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic biomaterials for the body in the field of medicine have made it possible to develop much more efficient and much more advantageous pharmaceutical systems than classical pharmaceutical forms. Thus, the category of new high-performance materials includes anionic natural polymers, such as sodium alginate, that are considered advantageous microencapsulation materials and which according to studies can influence the kinetics of the release of the drug from the matrix, according to their degradation in the body. When developing particulated pharmaceutical forms, some of the main objectives of the formulation are to maintain the rate of release of the medicinal substance at an effective. 

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Alginate is used in many foods and biomedical applications, due to its biocompatibility, low toxicity, relatively low cost, and mild gelation. In the food industry, alginate is used as a thickening agent, gelling agent, emulsifier, stabilizer, texture-improver. Nowadays, alginate is added to numerous kinds of food, such as ice cream, jelly, acid milk drinks, dressings, instant noodles, beer, etc. Alginic acid is used in pharmaceutical applications, it is added into tablets as a carrier to accelerate tablet disintegration for a faster release of the medicinal component, in cosmetics due to its functionality as a thickener and moisture retainer. For example, alginate helps retain the color of lipstick on the lip surface by forming a gel-network.

Alginate-based hydrogels are highly promising candidates for use as drug delivery systems and as biomedical implants as they are structurally similar to the macromolecular-based components in the body, and can often be delivered into the body via minimally invasive administration. Alginate is an excellent candidate for delivery of protein drugs, since proteins can be incorporated into alginate-based formulations under relatively mild conditions that minimize their denaturation, and the gels can protect them from degradation until their release.
Commercial variations of sodium alginate can be broken into food-grade and non-food grades.
The food ingredient form can be found in applications like:
Gummy and Gel Confections
Ice Creams
Pastries and Baked Goods
Meat Products including Analogs
Plant Based Meats
Restructured Foods – Onion Rings, Noodles and French Fries
Cosmetics – Lotions, Creams, Hair Products (Shampoos), and Toothpastes
Pharmaceuticals – Gel Capsules
Versatility and safety are prized characteristics in pharmaceuticals. Sodium alginate is used in formulations for antacids, which may be the commercial application that many consumers are familiar with.
That is just a narrow use, however, with sodium alginate also being used in:
Dental molds
Pills and tablets (including aspirin)
Medicinal gels, creams and ointments

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